Deal Terms
Warrant
A right to purchase company shares at a fixed price (the exercise price) before an expiration date, typically issued alongside debt or as a sweetener in deals.
A warrant is a financial instrument that gives its holder the right — but not the obligation — to purchase a specified number of company shares at a predetermined price (the exercise or strike price) before a stated expiration date. Unlike options, which are typically granted to employees, warrants are issued to outside parties: lenders, strategic partners, or investors as part of a deal structure.
Warrants are common in venture debt deals, where lenders receive warrants as compensation for providing capital at lower interest rates than traditional lenders. They're also used in bridge notes, convertible debt, and strategic partnerships. The warrant coverage in a venture debt deal is typically expressed as a percentage of the loan amount.
In Practice
A startup takes $2M in venture debt. The lender receives warrants covering 1% of the loan amount ($20,000 worth of shares) at the current 409A price. If the company later exits at a much higher valuation, those warrants could be worth significantly more.
Why It Matters
Warrants are a key part of understanding the true cost of venture debt. Founders often focus on the interest rate and miss the dilutive impact of warrant coverage. For investors, warrants provide upside exposure without putting equity capital at risk from day one.