Fund Structure
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Quick Answer
An investment vehicle that allocates capital across multiple venture funds rather than investing directly in startups, providing LPs with diversified venture exposure and manager selection expertise.
A Fund of Funds (FoF) is an investment vehicle that pools capital from its own LPs and allocates it across a diversified portfolio of venture capital funds. Rather than investing directly in startups, the FoF invests in the funds of multiple GPs, providing its investors with broad venture exposure, professional manager selection, and portfolio diversification across stages, geographies, and sectors. FoFs charge an additional layer of fees (typically 0.5-1% management fee and 5-10% carry) on top of the underlying fund fees, creating a double fee structure that reduces net returns. However, FoFs provide access to top-tier funds that may be closed to direct LP investment, reduce the minimum commitment needed for venture exposure, and offer professional due diligence and monitoring. FoFs have been particularly important for emerging managers, as many FoFs have specific mandates to identify and back promising first-time fund managers.
In Practice
A Fund of Funds raises $500 million and allocates across 25 venture funds. It commits $30 million each to five top-tier established funds, $20 million each to ten mid-tier funds, and $10 million each to ten emerging managers. An endowment that wants venture exposure but cannot dedicate resources to evaluating 25 individual GPs invests $50 million in the FoF instead, getting diversified access for a single commitment and due diligence process.
What good looks like
Why It Matters
Funds of Funds serve as important gatekeepers and capital allocators in the venture ecosystem. For emerging managers, a FoF commitment provides both capital and a credibility signal. For smaller institutional LPs, FoFs provide venture access without needing a dedicated team to evaluate individual GPs. The trade-off is the double fee layer that compresses net returns.
VC Beast Take
Fund of funds get unfairly maligned as 'double fee' vehicles, but the best ones like HarbourVest and Adams Street provide genuine alpha through access and selection. They often get allocation to oversubscribed top-tier funds that individual LPs can't access. However, the J-curve becomes brutal with layered fees and timing delays.
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How does a venture capital fund work?
A VC fund pools capital from institutional investors and high-net-worth individuals, then deploys it into early-stage startups over several years in exchange for equity, aiming to return the capital with large gains when those companies exit via acquisition or IPO.
How does a venture capital fund work?
A VC fund pools capital from institutional investors and wealthy individuals, then deploys it into early-stage startups over several years in exchange for equity, aiming to return the capital with large gains when those companies exit.
What is "2 and 20" in venture capital?
"2 and 20" refers to the standard VC fee structure: a 2% annual management fee on committed capital, plus 20% carried interest on profits. It's the industry-standard compensation model for fund managers.
What is "2 and 20" in venture capital?
"2 and 20" refers to the standard VC fee structure: a 2% annual management fee on committed capital, plus 20% carried interest on profits.
A Fund of Funds (FoF) is an investment vehicle that pools capital from its own LPs and allocates it across a diversified portfolio of venture capital funds.
Understanding Fund of Funds is critical for founders navigating the fundraising process. It directly impacts deal terms, valuation, and the relationship between founders and investors.
Fund of Funds falls under the fund-structure category in venture capital. This area covers concepts related to how venture capital funds are organized, managed, and governed.
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