Fund Structure
NAV
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Quick Answer
Net Asset Value — the current estimated value of a fund's portfolio holdings, used to mark the portfolio to market and calculate fund performance metrics.
NAV (Net Asset Value) is the current estimated market value of all investments held in a venture fund, minus any liabilities. It represents what the fund's holdings are theoretically worth at a given point in time, before distributions have been made to LPs.
For venture funds, NAV calculation is complex because portfolio companies are private and illiquid — there's no public market price. GPs typically mark valuations based on the price of the most recent funding round (often held flat until a new round or exit provides updated information). This is why VC fund performance reports lag reality and can be misleading during rapid market corrections.
NAV is a component of TVPI (Total Value to Paid-In capital): TVPI = (Distributions + NAV) / Paid-In Capital. As a fund matures and distributes capital, NAV decreases while DPI (distributions only) increases.
In Practice
A VC fund has deployed $50M into 15 companies. Based on last-round valuations, the portfolio is marked at $90M NAV. The fund has also distributed $20M in proceeds from two exits. TVPI = ($90M + $20M) / $50M = 2.2x. But if markets correct and marks are written down, TVPI will decline.
Why It Matters
NAV is how LPs track the value of their fund investments before liquidity events. It's important to understand that NAV in venture is highly subjective — marks are often stale, optimistic, or both. The real test is DPI (distributions actually paid), not paper NAV.
Related Concepts
Further Reading
Emerging Manager Playbook: Raising Your First Fund in 2026
The complete playbook for first-time fund managers. Legal formation, LP targeting, fundraising timeline, and the mistakes that kill first funds.
IRR: What Internal Rate of Return Means in Venture Capital
IRR (Internal Rate of Return) is how venture capitalists measure the time-adjusted performance of their investments. Here's what it means, how it's calculated, why timing matters, and what good IRR looks like for a VC fund.
TVPI: What Total Value to Paid-In Means in Venture Capital
TVPI (Total Value to Paid-In) is the primary fund performance metric used by LPs and VCs to measure total return — both realized and unrealized — relative to capital invested. Here's what it means, how it's calculated, and what benchmarks matter.
Venture Capital Fund Administration: What It Is, Who Does It, and Why It Matters
Fund administration is the operational backbone of every venture fund — handling NAV calculations, capital calls, LP reporting, K-1s, and compliance. Here's what emerging managers need to know before they raise.
Best VC Fund Administration Software in 2026: Compared for Emerging Managers
A no-fluff breakdown of the top VC fund administration platforms — Carta, Juniper Square, Allvue, Standish, Assure, NAV Fund Administration, and AngelList Stack — compared by pricing, minimum fund size, features, and fit for emerging managers.
Zombie Funds and Wind-Down: What Happens When a VC Fund Underperforms
Zombie VC funds trap LP capital for years with no path to returns. Here's how they form, what LPs can do, and what a fund wind-down actually looks like.
Comparisons
Careers That Use This Term
This concept is especially relevant for these venture capital roles:
Frequently Asked Questions
What is NAV in venture capital?
NAV (Net Asset Value) is the current estimated market value of all investments held in a venture fund, minus any liabilities. It represents what the fund's holdings are theoretically worth at a given point in time, before distributions have been made to LPs.
Why is NAV important for startups?
Understanding NAV is critical for founders navigating the fundraising process. It directly impacts deal terms, valuation, and the relationship between founders and investors.
What category does NAV fall under in VC?
NAV falls under the fund-structure category in venture capital. This area covers concepts related to how venture capital funds are organized, managed, and governed.
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